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                <h2 id="打印表格"><a href="#打印表格" class="headerlink" title="打印表格"></a>打印表格</h2><p>Python内置的print函数和字符串格式化可以帮我们实现大部分打印功能，但有时我们想在控制台打印一些类似表格型的数据往往会比较困难，尤其是中文问混合对齐的问题，那是相当头疼。本节给大家介绍一个第三方表格美化模块<code>prettytable</code>，利用这个模块，我们可以把一些数据以表格型漂亮的展示出来。</p>
<h3 id="安装模块"><a href="#安装模块" class="headerlink" title="安装模块"></a>安装模块</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">pip install prettytable<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h3 id="每次添加一行"><a href="#每次添加一行" class="headerlink" title="每次添加一行"></a>每次添加一行</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">from</span> prettytable <span class="token keyword">import</span> PrettyTable
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">#  默认表头：Field 1、Field 2...</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">#  添加表头</span>
table <span class="token operator">=</span> PrettyTable<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"姓名"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"年龄"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"QQ"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'家庭地址'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">#  add_row 添加一行数据</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_row<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"张亚飞"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'111111111'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'山西晋城'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_row<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"关羽"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">29</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'222222'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'山西运城'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_row<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"刘备"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">"333333333"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'河北涿州'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">#  设置对齐方式，默认居中对齐-m 左对齐-l 右对齐-r</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>table<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>align <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'l'</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>table<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
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<h3 id="每次添加一列"><a href="#每次添加一列" class="headerlink" title="每次添加一列"></a>每次添加一列</h3><pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">from</span> prettytable <span class="token keyword">import</span> PrettyTable
table <span class="token operator">=</span> PrettyTable<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_column<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'姓名'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'张亚飞'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'关羽'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'刘备'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_column<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'年龄'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">18</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">19</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_column<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'QQ'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'1111111'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'2222222'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'33333333'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>add_column<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'家庭地址'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'山西晋城'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'山西运城'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'河北涿州'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 对齐方式 默认居中   居中-m 左对齐-l 右对齐-r</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># QQ列右对齐</span>
table<span class="token punctuation">.</span>align<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'QQ'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'r'</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>table<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p><img src="https://zhangyafei-1258643511.cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com/Python%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3/assets/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC2.png"></p>
<h2 id="打印颜色"><a href="#打印颜色" class="headerlink" title="打印颜色"></a>打印颜色</h2><p>在python开发的过程中，经常会遇到需要打印各种信息。海量的信息堆砌在控制台中，就会导致信息都混在一起，降低了重要信息的可读性。这时候，如果能给重要的信息加上字体颜色，那么就会更加方便用户阅读了。</p>
<p>当然了，控制台的展示效果有限，并不能像前段一样炫酷，只能做一些简单的设置。不过站在可读性的角度来看，已经好很多了。</p>
<h3 id="基本属性"><a href="#基本属性" class="headerlink" title="基本属性"></a>基本属性</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">显示方式</th>
<th align="center">显示效果</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">默认值</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">高亮</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">下划线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">闪烁</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">反显</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">不可见</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">前景色</th>
<th align="center">背景色</th>
<th align="center">颜色说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">30</td>
<td align="center">40</td>
<td align="center">黑色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">31</td>
<td align="center">41</td>
<td align="center">红色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">32</td>
<td align="center">42</td>
<td align="center">绿色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">33</td>
<td align="center">43</td>
<td align="center">黄色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">34</td>
<td align="center">44</td>
<td align="center">蓝色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">35</td>
<td align="center">45</td>
<td align="center">紫红色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">36</td>
<td align="center">46</td>
<td align="center">青蓝色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">37</td>
<td align="center">47</td>
<td align="center">白色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 id="语法"><a href="#语法" class="headerlink" title="语法"></a>语法</h3><blockquote>
<p><strong>\033[显示方式; 前景色; 背景色m\</strong>*<em>*</em>\033[0m**</p>
</blockquote>
<p>其中******表示被标记的内容。可以缺省书写，使用默认设定。</p>
<h3 id="实例演示"><a href="#实例演示" class="headerlink" title="实例演示"></a>实例演示</h3><p>实例1：单前景色单点单句标记</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[30m这是黑色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[31m这是红色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[32m这是绿色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[33m这是黄色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[34m这是蓝色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[35m这是紫红色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[36m这是青蓝色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[37m这是白色字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[38m这是默认字体\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 大于37将显示默认字体</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>结果：</p>
<p><img src="https://zhangyafei-1258643511.cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com/Python%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3/assets/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B21.png" alt="前景色打印"></p>
<p>实例2：显示方式前景色背景色单点单句标记</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[0;31;40m这是默认红色字体背景黑色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[0;30;41m这是默认黑色字体背景红色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[0;30;42m这是默认黑色字体背景绿色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[0;30;43m这是默认黑色字体背景黄色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[0;30;44m这是默认黑色字体背景蓝色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[5;30;46m这是闪烁黑色色字体背景紫红色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[1;30;47m这是高亮青黑色字体背景青蓝色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[4;30;48m这是下划线黑色字体背景白色\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>结果：</p>
<p><img src="https://zhangyafei-1258643511.cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com/Python%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3/assets/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B22.png" alt="背景色打印"></p>
<p>实例3：多行操作</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\033[4;35;43m平生不会相思，"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"才会相思，便害相思。"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"身似浮云，心如飞絮，"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"气若游丝。"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"空一缕馀香在此，"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"盼千金游子何之。"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"证候来时，正是何时？"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"灯半昏时，月半明时。\033[0m"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>结果：</p>
<p><img src="https://zhangyafei-1258643511.cos.ap-nanjing.myqcloud.com/Python%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3/assets/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%93%E5%8D%B0%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B23.png" alt="多行操作"></p>
<h2 id="小结"><a href="#小结" class="headerlink" title="小结"></a>小结</h2><p>本节内容是Python之路的番外篇，属于扩展性知识，今后在某些特定的场合下可能用会用到，但在大部分场景下打印表格和颜色是没有必要的，尤其在大型项目对性能要求比较的场合。还是那句话，知道有这么个东西，把它放在心里的某个角落，以后用的时候可以随时来查阅。OK，本节内容就到这，下课！</p>

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